[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":227},["ShallowReactive",2],{"tag-测试-1":3},{"title":4,"articles":5,"hot_article":16,"month_arch":75,"total":223,"cover":224},"测试 - 独孤影的博客",[6],{"id":7,"title":8,"uri":8,"author":9,"tags":10,"created_at":13,"view_count":14,"content":15},3,"利用开源和免费资源搭建CI环境","duguying",[11,12],"CI","测试","2014-07-04 16:54:58",7732,"\u003Cp>前段时间偶然接触到了\u003Cem>持续集成\u003C\u002Fem>(Continuous Integration)这一概念，并对它做了进一步的了解；说是偶然接触到是有原因的，起初我在github上的某些项目里面发现了这些东西\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fduguying.oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com\u002F2014\u002F9\u002F8\u002Fimage.png\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002F\u002Fduguying.oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com\u002F2014\u002F9\u002F8\u002Fimage.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"image.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>吸引我的注意力的正是这些绿色的徽章，点入build那个徽章一看，连接到了一个叫做Travis CI的网站，里面有类似控制台输出的信息\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002F\u002Fduguying.oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com\u002F2014\u002F9\u002F9\u002Fimage1.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"image1.png\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这个的确是控制台输出，看里面的内容知道是通过git clone将这个项目下载到某台linux服务器，然后sudo权限执行了一些shell脚本，再后来就是.\u002Fconfigure、make、make install之类的，这整个流程就是linux用户通过代码安装某个软件的过程。当然，部分项目里面并没有make install，而是make test，这是执行单元测试啊。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>经过进一步了解后，发现Travis CI就是一个专门提供在线编译以及运行单元测试等工作的一个云平台（或者直白点说就是服务器）。阅读了一下午的Travis CI英文文档后，自己尝试着利用Travis CI为自己的项目也创建一个这样的编译测试环境。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>首先，Travis  CI是可以直接与Github连接，读取项目信息的。然后只要你的项目的根目录下面有一个名为.travis.yml的文件Travis CI即可识别你的项目，并且从这个文件里面读取它所要执行的步骤。当然.travis.yml这个配置文件必须遵守文档中所定义的各种约定，在这之前.travis.yml文件的内容也必须遵守.yml文件的语法格式约定（我有一次就是因为没注意到其中的语法错误导致排错很久）。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp>yml文件语法应当注意的内容\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>例如:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cpre class=\"brush:plain;\">env:\nglobal:\n   # The next declration is the encrypted COVERITY_SCAN_TOKEN, created\n   #   via the "travis encrypt" command using the project repo's public key\n   - secure: "q5Wb1ChR5r\u002F52zmkssky4IIM2C3b\u002FItLjfGRuqPgAsU6pgnrJ7GvHC44A\u002Fjvba4rTElxWKXhTyWvskdwSzgCvBs0GIRXHxSYjtcD9IzIMLX7zHfczP2ekH2xGONXhZR1AWN6\u002FYHh1QZ2SwdrlbQv9jybZ9NxWvk9v2IPhdWr5MM="\nlanguage: c\ncompiler: \n    - "gcc"\n    - "clang"\nscript:\n    - "chmod 777 .\u002Fcoverity.sh"\n    - ".\u002Fcoverity.sh"\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003Cp>       \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这其中有部分语法类似于key: value，但是要注意:后面必须有一个空格符，另外，语法还有与python类似的对齐规则，没对齐或者是伪对齐（空格与Tab符对齐）都会导致语法错误。最终的结果是Travis CI报错。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp>compiler项是设置系统编译器，上例中是使用gcc和clang编译器，因此会有两次编译，一次是gcc一次clang编译，当然多个值就会有多个编译，众多的编译构成编译矩阵，可以测试某个项目在不同的环境下面的编译结果。script项是命令Travis CI执行的具体命令，上例中我将命令全部写入到一个\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fduguying\u002FAzalea\u002Fblob\u002Fmaster\u002Fcoverity.sh\">shell文件\u003C\u002Fa>里面去了，script这一项的内容是执行这个shell脚本。详细的配置介绍可以自己查看Travis CI官网上的文档。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp>利用Travis CI你可以做些什么？首先，检测代码在语法上的正确性这是最基本的，简单来说就是检测你的项目是否能够编译通过，是否能够在不同个环境下编译通过。其次，你可以利用一些单元测试对项目进行更进一步的检测，这些根据你的测试代码可以检测出一些逻辑上的错误。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>其实Travis CI是可以有其他的一些功能的，比如程序发布。例如，我现在需要将编译后的可执行文件发布到项目的官方网站上供别人下载；我可以使用curl命令将可执行文件通过我事先准备好的上传接口上传到我的网站，这样一来，你每次更新代码Travis CI会自动编译完成后直接发送到你指定的网站上，然后你的程序发布可以自动的保持最新版本。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>事实上类似于Travis CI的网站还比较多，比如\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdrone.io\">drone.io\u003C\u002Fa>等，当然还有一些收费的CI服务网站，这儿就不提了。最后值得一提的是虽然大部分的免费CI是Linux环境的，但是被我发现了一个Windows环境的CI，而且它有几种环境可以选择，例如Windows Server 2008，最重要的是它也是免费的而且支持许多版本的Visual Studio，也就是说C#、.NET或者是包含Windows API的这些仅能在Windows环境下编译的代码也能够编译，\u003Ca title=\"https:\u002F\u002Fci.appveyor.com\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fci.appveyor.com\">https:\u002F\u002Fci.appveyor.com\u003C\u002Fa>就是它，Windows应用程序开发者的福音。\u003C\u002Fp>",{"title":17,"list":18},"最热文章",[19,25,31,37,43,49,55,61,63,69],{"id":20,"title":21,"uri":22,"author":9,"created_at":23,"view_count":24},28,"docker容器目录与主机目录同步","\u002Farticle\u002Fdocker容器目录与主机目录同步","2014-12-31 12:34:08",15570,{"id":26,"title":27,"uri":28,"author":9,"created_at":29,"view_count":30},21,"beego中使用fis","\u002Farticle\u002Fbeego中使用fis","2014-12-03 10:47:56",9250,{"id":32,"title":33,"uri":34,"author":9,"created_at":35,"view_count":36},20,"用github登录，oauth开发","\u002Farticle\u002F用github登录，oauth开发","2014-11-23 13:33:37",9113,{"id":38,"title":39,"uri":40,"author":9,"created_at":41,"view_count":42},18,"windows服务注册工具nssm","\u002Farticle\u002Fwindows服务注册工具nssm","2014-10-31 21:34:39",9047,{"id":44,"title":45,"uri":46,"author":9,"created_at":47,"view_count":48},49,"用latex排版中文书籍","\u002Farticle\u002F用latex排版中文书籍","2016-10-31 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